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在英语中,有些句子在不同的上下文中具有不同的语义,原因在于对句子的某个成分可以做不同的解释,因此就会影响学生对内容的理解。在中学阶段这种结构上的歧义常见的有以下几种：
一、从句
1. if引导的从句
Write and tell me if you can come.
如果你能来,来信告知。=If you can come, write and tell me.
来信告知是否你能来。=Write and tell me whether you can come.
2. when, before引导的从句
How do you know when there is wind?
你怎么知道什么时候有风呢? (宾语从句)
有风的时候,你怎么知道呢? (状语从句)
3.比较简单状语从句的简略形式
(1) She loves the cat more than her husband.
她比她丈夫更加爱猫。=She loves the cat more than her husband loves the cat.
她爱猫甚于爱她丈夫。=She loves the cat more than she loves her husband.
(2) I like English as much as my daughter.
我和我女儿同样喜欢英语。=I like English as my dau ghter does.
我喜欢英语如同我喜欢女儿一般。=I like English as much as I like my daughter.
4.关系代词引导的定语从句
(1) She sang a folk song at the concert, which was a success.
她在一个相当成功的音乐会上唱一支民歌。(定语从句修饰the concert)
她在一个音乐会上唱一支民歌,获得了成功。(定语从句修饰整个句子)
(2) It is the book that I bought last week.
这是我上星期买的那本书。(that引导定语从句)
我上星期买的正是这本书。(It is…that…强调句型)
二、短语
1.分词短语或分词
(1) Do you notice the old man smoking?
你注意到那位老人在抽烟吗? =Do you notice that the old man is smoking?
你注意到那位抽烟的老人吗? =Do you notice the old m an who is smoking?
(2) He found a boy hidden behind the door.
他发现躲在门后的一个男孩。=He found a boy who was hidden behind the door.
他发现一个男孩躲在门后。=He found that a boy was hidden behind the door.
2.动词不定式短语或动词不定式
(1) The police were told to stop drinking by midnight.
警察奉命在午夜时阻止他人喝酒。=The police were told to stop other people from drinking by midnight.
上级命令警察在午夜时不准喝酒。=The police were told to stop their own drinking by midnight.
(2) He wants a girl to do housework.
他要一个做家务的女仆。(不定式短语作定语)
为了做家务,他要一个女仆。(不定式短语作状语)
3.介词短语
I saw her in the library.
我在图书馆看见了她。(介词短语做状语)
我看见她在图书馆。(介词短语做宾补)
三、现在进行时和将来完成时
President Bush is visiting that country.
布什总统要访问那个国家。
布什总统正在访问那个国家。
四、否定句
1. I didn’t go because I was afraid.
我并不是因为害怕而去的。
我因为害怕而没去。
2. I was not listening all the time.
全部时 间我都没听。
我并不是全部时 间都在听。
五、副词
He told me yesterday he had been to the library.
昨天,他告诉我他去了阅览室。
他告诉我他是昨天去了阅览室。
在英语中,有些句子在不同的上下文中具有不同的语义,原因在于对句子的某个成分可以做不同的解释,因此就会影响学生对内容的理解。在中学阶段这种结构上的歧义常见的有以下几种：
一、从句
1. if引导的从句
Write and tell me if you can come.
如果你能来,来信告知。=If you can come, write and tell me.
来信告知是否你能来。=Write and tell me whether you can come.
2. when, before引导的从句
How do you know when there is wind?
你怎么知道什么时候有风呢? (宾语从句)
有风的时候,你怎么知道呢? (状语从句)
3.比较简单状语从句的简略形式
(1) She loves the cat more than her husband.
她比她丈夫更加爱猫。=She loves the cat more than her husband loves the cat.
她爱猫甚于爱她丈夫。=She loves the cat more than she loves her husband.
(2) I like English as much as my daughter.
我和我女儿同样喜欢英语。=I like English as my dau ghter does.
我喜欢英语如同我喜欢女儿一般。=I like English as much as I like my daughter.
4.关系代词引导的定语从句
(1) She sang a folk song at the concert, which was a success.
她在一个相当成功的音乐会上唱一支民歌。(定语从句修饰the concert)
她在一个音乐会上唱一支民歌,获得了成功。(定语从句修饰整个句子)
(2) It is the book that I bought last week.
这是我上星期买的那本书。(that引导定语从句)
我上星期买的正是这本书。(It is…that…强调句型)
二、短语
1.分词短语或分词
(1) Do you notice the old man smoking?
你注意到那位老人在抽烟吗? =Do you notice that the old man is smoking?
你注意到那位抽烟的老人吗? =Do you notice the old m an who is smoking?
(2) He found a boy hidden behind the door.
他发现躲在门后的一个男孩。=He found a boy who was hidden behind the door.
他发现一个男孩躲在门后。=He found that a boy was hidden behind the door.
2.动词不定式短语或动词不定式
(1) The police were told to stop drinking by midnight.
警察奉命在午夜时阻止他人喝酒。=The police were told to stop other people from drinking by midnight.
上级命令警察在午夜时不准喝酒。=The police were told to stop their own drinking by midnight.
(2) He wants a girl to do housework.
他要一个做家务的女仆。(不定式短语作定语)
为了做家务,他要一个女仆。(不定式短语作状语)
3.介词短语
I saw her in the library.
我在图书馆看见了她。(介词短语做状语)
我看见她在图书馆。(介词短语做宾补)
三、现在进行时和将来完成时
President Bush is visiting that country.
布什总统要访问那个国家。
布什总统正在访问那个国家。
四、否定句
1. I didn’t go because I was afraid.
我并不是因为害怕而去的。
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