科技英语
动名词的被动态 作者:叶泳辰
当动名词的逻辑主题是动名词的动作对象时,该动名词通常用被动形式。例如:
(1)When a vapor condenses, the energy that it absorbed in being vaporized is again released as heat. 当蒸汽冷凝时,它汽化时所吸收的能量又以热的形式释放出来。(It用来代替vapor,it是vaporize这一动名词的被动形式being vaporized。)
(2)It is assumed that every substance which is capable of being magnetized consists of a very large number of molecular magnets…. 人们假定,能够贝磁化的各种物质都是由大量的分子磁体组成的…… (句中which用来代替substance,which是动词magnetize这一动作的对象,所以magnetize的动名词应该用被动形式。)
动名词的完成式
如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则该动名词通常用完成式。例如:
(1)After having discovered the property of the atom, scientists began finding ways of using atomic energy for industrial purposes. 发现了原子的特性之后,科学家闷寻找将原子能用于工业的途径。(动名词完成式having discovered式介词after的宾语,其行为发生在谓语动词began之前,即先“发现了原子的特性”,后“开始寻找”用语工业的途径。)
(2)Nuclear fuel will be used in the reactor after its having been compressed into the form of rods. 核燃料被压成棒状之后,可用于反应堆中。(句中having been compressed式完成式被动态动名词,作after的宾语,其行为发生在谓语动词will be used之前,即先“压成棒状”,后“用语反应堆”。)
动名词的逻辑主体
动名词短语前面可以加一个物主代词(如their,its等)、名词的所有格(如worker’s)或名词的普通形式来表示这个动名词的逻辑主体。例如:
(1) The main trouble is their not having enough machine tools. 主要困难是他们没有足够的机床。(句中物主代词their是动名词having的逻辑主体,在翻译时可按主谓关系处理,即“他们没有…….”。)
(2)Physically we understand forces as due to matter pushing on other matter. 在物理意义上,我们可以把力理解为一物体对另一物体的推力。(句中动名词pushing是介词due to的宾语,matter是pushing的逻辑主体。)
(3)We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet. 我们知道,地球相当于一个大磁体。(动名词behaving作of的宾语,the earth是behaving的逻辑主体。)
(4)By using phototubes doors can be opened without anone’s having touched them. 使用光电管,可以使门无人自开。(having touched是动名词完成式,在句中作介词without的宾语,anyone’s式having touched的逻辑主体。)
(5)The process of one substance mixing with another because of molecular motion is called diffusion.由于分子运动,一物质与另一物质混合的过程称为扩散。(动名词mixing是of的宾语,one substance是mixing的逻辑主体。)
(6)Magnetism may be induced into an iron bar without it touching the magnet. 铁棒无需接触磁铁就可受到磁感应。(动名词touching是without的宾语,it是touching的逻辑主体。)
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