这部分的错误是因为中文直译所引起的普遍的句法错误。很明显，中文和英文的句法和词序有许多不同，因此，当中国学生用汉语的思路去思考并且直接译成英文时，就会出现错误。这里列出了很多诸如此类的错误。我们先给出中文句子和错误的英文翻译，以便读者能看到这两种句型的类似点，找到产生错误的根本原因。

Example 14:

“to have”和 “to be ”(“存在”或 “有”)

英语表达 “存在” (既汉语 “有没有” 的 “有”)的概念有两种方法,既 “to have”和“to be ”,学生们经常混淆这两个词,不能正确使用。

Because there are two basic ways of expressing existence in English, or expressing the Chinese word “有”,students often mix them up and incorrectly use them together .The two ways of expressing “you” are the verbs “to have” and “to be ”.

Incorrect English:

“In Harbin every year there has an Ice-Lantern Festival. ”

Correct English:

“In Harbin every year there is an Ice-Lantern Festival.”

-or- “Every year Harbin has an Ice-Lantern Festival.”

Incorrect English:

“In Italy there has a beautiful coastline.”

Correct English:

“In Italy there is a beautiful coastline.”

-or- “Italy has a beautiful coastline.”

解释:

在上面错误的范例中,所话者错误地使用了 “to have”和 “to be ”句型。在改正后的句子中，第一句使用了“to be”句型，第二句使用了“to have”句型。请看更多的例句：

Explanation：

In the incorrect English sentences above，the speaker is mistakenly using parts of both the“to have”and the“to be”pattern。In the corrected sentences，the first sentences use the“to be”pattern and the second sentences use the“to have”pattern. Let’s look at more examples:

“Lots of people are in the yard enjoying the sun.”

“The yard has a lot of people in it enjoying the sun.”

“There is a CD on the desk.”

“The desk has a CD on it .”

“There is a stain on my pants.”

“My pants have a stain on them.”

“There is a beautiful advertisement for shampoo on that huge building.”

“That huge building has a beautiful advertisement for shampoo on it.”

“My kitchen has a strange smell right now. I guess there are some rotting vegetables in it.”

“There is a strange smell in my kitchen right now . I guess it has some rotting vegetables in it.”